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GLP-1 medications: what labs to track before and during treatment

Medically reviewed by

Dr. Maria Gutierrez Horn Dr. Maria Gutierrez Horn, MD, FACEAdvisory Board, Endocrinology, Insyght Health
PublishedSeptember 28, 2026 Last updatedSeptember 28, 2026 Read time6 min
Checklist and testing timeline
Key takeaways
  • Get a full baseline panel before your first dose, so you can see what actually changes.
  • Recheck at about 3, 6 and 12 months. Metabolic markers usually improve; kidney and hydration markers need watching.
  • The scale shows weight. Your labs show whether you're losing fat, keeping muscle and staying nourished.

GLP-1 medications like semaglutide and tirzepatide can change your metabolism fast. Bloodwork is how you and your prescriber see whether those changes are healthy, and when something needs adjusting.

Starting a GLP-1? Get your baseline first.

Insyght's panel covers the metabolic, liver, kidney and nutrient markers that matter on treatment, reviewed by a physician. $199 a year.

Your GLP-1 lab checklist

Insyght's Core Panel covers every item on this list.

When to test

WhenWhyFocus on
Before your first doseSets your starting pointThe full checklist
3 monthsCatches early side effectsKidney and hydration markers, liver enzymes, electrolytes
6 monthsShows real metabolic changeA1C, fasting insulin, lipids, ApoB, albumin, ferritin
12 monthsConfirms long-term progressThe full checklist
3 months after stoppingShows what holdsA1C, fasting insulin, lipids, weight trend

What changes to expect

MarkerCommon direction on treatmentWhat it means
A1C and fasting glucose↓Better blood sugar control
Fasting insulin↓Improved insulin sensitivity
Triglycerides↓Less fat made and stored by the liver
ALT and GGTOften ↓Fatty liver may be improving
BUN and sodiumCan ↑You may be drinking too little
Albumin, ferritin, vitamin DCan ↓Eating less may leave gaps in protein or nutrients

These are typical patterns, not guarantees. Your prescriber will read your results against your own baseline.

Protecting muscle while you lose weight

A meaningful share of weight lost on GLP-1s can come from lean mass. No single blood test measures muscle directly. Albumin, total protein and creatinine trends, along with strength and body composition checks, help your care team spot a problem early. Prioritize protein at every meal and add strength training two to three times a week.

Red flags to act on quickly

Seek care quickly for severe or constant belly pain (especially spreading to the back), pain under the right ribs, vomiting that won't stop, very dark urine or signs of dehydration. These can signal pancreatitis, gallbladder problems or kidney strain.

Staying hydrated matters more than usual on these medications. Sip water steadily through the day, even when you don't feel thirsty.

Frequently asked questions

What labs should I get before starting a GLP-1?
A baseline panel with A1C, fasting insulin, lipids, liver enzymes, kidney function, electrolytes, thyroid and a CBC.
How often should I get bloodwork on a GLP-1?
A common approach is baseline, then about 3, 6 and 12 months, then at least yearly. Your prescriber may test more often.
Why do my kidney numbers look worse on a GLP-1?
Eating and drinking less can raise BUN and creatinine. Hydrating well and retesting often brings them back.
Track what the scale can't show.

Insyght tests 100+ biomarkers in one draw, so you and your prescriber can see what's really changing. $199 a year, no insurance needed.

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